Exploring Freedom in Edward Bellamys Looking Backward Essay

The definition of freedom depends entirely on how the phrase â€Å"freedom from†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ends. Perhaps a most straightforward understanding of freedom is the laissez-faire emphasis on limiting the power of government to interfere in economic and social matters. In this state of absolute freedom, however, inequalities exist between people, so that freedom from a controlling government does not imply individuals’ freedom of contract, movement, legal protection, equal rights through citizenship, or political voice. In light of the persistence of slavery in the US through the 19th century, freedom as an individual’s legal status separated people who could be citizens from people who were lifelong slaves. Even among legally free people, economic†¦show more content†¦In Looking Backward, Bellamy outlined one proposal for protecting the freedom and welfare of all citizens through equal access to education, job opportunities, and wealth. Furthermore, he expan ded the term citizen to include women and imagined a system in which men and women contribute equally to industry and home life. In Bellamy’s vision of a future America, the federal government has taken control of almost all aspects of life to maximize productivity and efficiency and to give each citizen an equally high quality of life. The government, unplagued by corruption, manages the education of all children from age 6 to 21 and all aspects of industrial production, the domestic distribution of goods, and foreign trade. All citizens must serve in some capacity in the Industrial Army from age 21 to 45, and are given the same allowance from the government regardless of their occupation, skill level, or age. Throughout the nation, in both rural and urban areas, students follow a single curriculum of mental and physical development, warehouses contain a single wide selection of goods, homes have access to a single long program of recorded music, and local governments have very few powers. Representative democracy is kept, but modified so that voters are organized by trade guild, and only citizens who have excelled

The Clouds, An Inconsistent Message About Morality

Aristophanes’ play, The Clouds, has an inconsistent message about morality. Morality is the difference between what is right and what is wrong. Morality affects our action, thoughts, and what is perceived as good and bad. For the ancient Greeks nomos was the concept of law and moral conduct, while physis was natural behavior. In both plays there were incidents that have a moral argument. In The Cloud, there are scenes where morality is question about what a character is doing. Compared to Euripides’ play, Electra, morality is a key issue. Some people may say that in The Clouds, the moral argument is view differently than in Electra. In this paper I will argue that the concept of what is moral is different yet the same for the characters in both plays and some characters are more vulnerable to having their sense of morality swayed. The morality of a person can be affected by the person’s circumstances. This can cause them to act in a way that they will never have acted. A person’s circumstance can affect them negatively. In The Clouds, Strepsiades was in a situation where his son, Pheidippides, had accumulated a lot of debt for him and his creditors were after him. Strepsiades, stressed and desperate about having his property taken, tried to convince his son to learn the Inferior Argument because, â€Å"†¦the Inferior Argument can debate an unjust case and win. All you have to do is learn this Inferior Arguments for me, then you can talk your way out of all the debts I’veShow MoreRelatedChristian Worldview and Multiculturalism3014 Words   |  13 Pagesinfluential group calling itself NAME, or the National Association for Multicultural Education, includes in its philosophy statement the following: Xenophobia, discrimination, racism, classism, sexism, and homophobia are societal pheno mena that are inconsistent with the principles of a democracy and lead to the counterproductive reasoning that differences are deficiencies.(name). NAME is a powerful organization composed of educators from around the country, and it has considerable influence on how schoolsRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesUniversity of Colorado at Denver; Dean J. Nelson, Dutchess Community College; James E. Parejko, Chicago State University; Robert Sessions, Kirkwood Community College; and Stephanie Tucker, California State University Sacramento. Thinking and writing about logical reasoning has been enjoyable for me, but special thanks go to my children, Joshua, 8, and Justine, 3, for comic relief during the months of writing. This book is dedicated to them. For the 2012 edition: This book is dedicated to my wifeRead More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 Pages You are inspired, hopeful, accomplished, and eager. You seek per, sonal and professional advancement via an MBA that will prepare you for leadership challenges in any business field. You are aware, however, that Harvard Business School receives about ten thousand applications annually, and you are uncertain how to make your ap.... plication stand out. We understand. We have been in your shoes. This book seeks to demystifythe admissions process for applicants by providing a selective but robustRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesSupportive Communication Is Specific (Useful), Not Global (Nonuseful) 253 Supportive Communication Is Conjunctive, Not Disjunctive 254 Supportive Communication Is Owned, Not Disowned 255 Supportive Communication Requires Supportive Listening, Not One-Way Message Delivery 256 The Personal Management Interview 260 International Caveats 263 SKILL ANALYSIS 266 Cases Involving Building Positive Relationships 266 Find Somebody Else 2 66 Rejected Plans 267 CONTENTS ix SKILL PRACTICE 269 Exercises for DiagnosingRead MoreOcd - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment131367 Words   |  526 Pages1-59385-375-0 ISBN-13: 978-1-59385-375-4 (paperback) 1. Cognitive therapy. 2. Obsessive–compulsive disorder. I. Title. RC489.C63C57 2004 616.85†²2270651—dc22 2003020283 To my parents, Albert and Ardith, for their support and encouragement About the Author About the Author David A. Clark, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Canada. He received his PhD from the Institute of Psychiatry, University of London, England. Dr. Clark has published numerousRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesEnvironment 22 †¢ Improving Ethical Behavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint LostRead MoreInside the Meltdown49737 Words   |  199 Pagesago in the Great Depression. ... How does it feel being head of FDIC during another grand crisis? It s a very important place to be right now. We re getting a lot of media attention, and I think that s positive because I think the FDIC is all about public confidence. That s how we maintain the stability with people having confidence in our brand and our insurance guarantee, and I think we ve done that fairly successfully. We have seen a lot of stability. People are keeping their money in banksRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 PagesEdition II and Native Agents of the C.M.S.’, and alphabetically arranged by the Hon. L.E. Portman and Miss Bird. A number of words are marked as being from Abá »  (Aboh), á »Å'ka (Awka), or other dialects. No date is given on the typescript, but it is dated à ¡bout the year 1906 in the preface to a companion work, a Dictionary of the Ibo language: English-Ibo (1923). This latter work was also largely the responsibility of Dennis, and it is listed under his name in bibliographies, although his name does not appearRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pages(800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. For more information about Wiley products, visit our Web site at www.wiley.com. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Kerzner, Harold. Project management : case studies I Harold Kerzner. -- 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13:Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesTwentieth-Century World History †¢ Carl J. Guarneri 213 7 The Technopolitics of Cold War: Toward a Transregional Perspective †¢ Gabrielle Hecht and Paul N. Edwards 271 8 A Century of Environmental Transitions †¢ Richard P. Tucker 315 About the Contributors †¢ 343 _ IN TR OD UC TIO N Michael Adas B y any of the customary measures we deploy to demarcate historical epochs, the twentieth century does not appear to be a very coherent unit. The beginnings and ends of

Vitamin D - 1033 Words

Vitamin D is an important micronutrient that is involved in the metabolism of calcium and phosphorous, and helps establish strong bone health (1). Recent studies have shown promising results of supplementing vitamin D to pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Despite advances in medicine and health GDM is still prevalent among pregnant women, resulting in possible complications to pregnancy such as, fetal distress, preterm delivery, low birth weight, as well as risk of type 2 diabetes to the mother (1). Research links vitamin D receptor (VDR), which is also found in islet beta cells, to insulin secretion, thus possibly helping manage GDM (1). A recent study was conducted to further evaluate various doses of vitamin D and†¦show more content†¦The sample size was a bit small considering the general population of GDM, a more comprehensive population would range into the thousands, but this sample size was a good starting point for further research. Group one w as the control group and received the placebo, group two received a low dose of 200 IU of Vitamin D daily, group three received a medium dose of 50,000 IU of vitamin D within a month, and group four received a total of 10,000 IU within a month (1). Administration of vitamin D supplementation occurred between 24-28 weeks of pregnancy and continued until delivery, and a follow up examination occurred once a month (1). The research team also measured the participants’ dietary intake to ensure they had similar diets to ensure diets did not interfere with the results (1). Fasting plasma glucose, serum insulin, insulin resistance, total cholesterol change, and triglyceride levels were all measured with commercial ELISA kits (1). The oral glucose tolerance test is used as the gold standard for measuring the efficiency in glucose metabolism (4). This current study chose to do A1c ELISA kits for efficiency as the oral glucose tolerance test takes several hours to complete (1). Althoug h, A1c is not the gold standard it still considered accurateShow MoreRelatedVitamin D And Calcium.vitamin D Essay781 Words   |  4 Pages Bone Health, Calcium and Vitamin D My research of the vitamin or mineral will be based on vitamin D and Calcium.Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin, which means it is stored in the body’s fatty tissue, normally is obtained through exposure to sunlight, which triggers vitamin D production in the skin is found naturally in very few foods but in the United States, it is routinely added to milk and infant formula. Other right food sources are egg yolks and some types ofRead MoreThe Sunshine Vitamin or Vitamin D Essay946 Words   |  4 Pages+Vitamin D and hair growth are inextricably linked, according to research. Vitamin D, otherwise known as the sunshine vitamin, is composed of a group of fat-soluble compounds that mainly shapes the development and sustenance of bone health. It primarily regulates the gastric absorption of magnesium, calcium, zinc and other minerals that fortify bone density, strength and structure. +Recent studies have mapped out the connection between vitamin D deficiency and diseases of the skin, heart and prematureRead MoreVitamin D Deficiency852 Words   |  3 PagesBackground: Vitamin D deficiency is widely prevalent in the world. Several lines of evidence support a relation between seasonal variations in serum vitamin D and higher relapse rates in MS patients in winter. Objective: To examine whether levels of vitamin D are associated with multiple sclerosis relapse. Methods: In this study 60 patients in relapse and 60 patients in remission matched controls were included. Results: patients in relapse had significantly lower 25(OH) D levels than 60 patientsRead MoreThe Importance of Vitamin D Essay1173 Words   |  5 PagesGetting some sun is essential to human health despite the risks of the skin cancer. There is much more benefits that come with the exposure to the sun than harm. Vitamin D that our body produces when we are exposed to the sun is very efficient in curing so many diseases. It protects from arthritis, diabetes, infectious diseases, multiple sclerosis and some kinds of cancer, just to name a few. It has been proven that the Earth’s atmosphere blocks 98.7 percent of the sun’s UV rays. The other 2.3Read MoreVitamin D and Nutritional Rickets1742 Words   |  7 PagesRICKETS For Scientific Principles and Health and Disease By: Mackenzie Gray 112-69-7540 April 7, 2010 Rickets is a disease that deals with a deficiency with Vitamin D. Vitamin D is important by controlling calcium and phosphate levels. If the blood levels of these minerals become too low, the body may produce hormones that cause calcium and phosphate to be released from the bones eventually this leads to weak and soft bones. (2) Throughout this paper we will go over a varietyRead MoreVitamin D and Athletic Performance Essay1486 Words   |  6 Pageswithin the body and from that how they can influence the body’s ability to perform while under duress. An example of such would be the stress of athletic performance. Vitamin D, which is also referred to as cholecalciferol, is one of the fat soluble vitamins that have been attributed to influencing athletic performance. However, vitamin D is not as much a â€Å"performance enhancing† nutrient in the sense that when taken in higher amounts it will aid athletic performance, but rather when in deficient amountsRead MoreThe Tru th about Vitamin D Deficiency Essay1642 Words   |  7 PagesVitamin D deficiency: In the event that you avoid the sun, experience the ill effects of milk anaphylaxes, or stick to a strict veggie lover diet, you may be at danger for vitamin D inadequacy. Known as the daylight vitamin, vitamin D is transformed by the body because of daylight. It is additionally happens characteristically in a couple of sustenance’s including some fish, fish liver oils, and egg yolks - and in sustained dairy and grain items. Vitamin D is key for solid bones on the groundsRead MoreHow Does Vitamin D Improves The Plyometric Performance878 Words   |  4 PagesResearch Question: Does Vitamin D improves the plyometric performance in young basketball athletes? Part 1 A fat-soluble vitamin D is an essential vitamin which works as precursor steroid in biological and metabolic processes happening in human body (1). Deficiency of Vitamin D has shown a verity of adverse psychological, skeletal and muscular health issues (2). Vitamin D deficiency rate has been increased remarkably from year 1994 to 2004. There are many factors responsible for this like sunRead MoreSupply Cost Of Producing Vitamin D And Act As A Monopolist1114 Words   |  5 Pagesaccompanying table shows the demand schedule for Vitamin D. Suppose the marginal cost of producing Vitamin D is zero†¨ 2. Price of Vitamin D 3. Quantity of Vitamin D 4. $8 5. 0 6. $7 7. 10 8. $6 9. 20 10. $5 11. 30 12. $4 13. 40 14. $3 15. 50 16. $2 17. 60 18. $1 19. 70 20. †¨ a) Suppose that company A is the only producer of Vitamin D and act as a monopolist. Suppose the company produces 40 units of Vitamin D at $4/unit. If the company decides to produceRead MoreVitamin D Deficiency: A Major Cause of Concern in Ireland 2707 Words   |  11 PagesYes, Vitamin D deficiency has indeed become a major cause of concern in Ireland as it has recently been highlighted that most Irish people are deficient in this essential vitamin. According to the Irish Osteoporosis society 74% of Irish adults and 88% of Irish primary school children, have less than half of the recommended daily amount of vitamin D. As well as bone health problems deficiency has recently shown cause cancers, diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This can be defined as a major

Annotated Bibliography On Obedience And Authority Essay

Part I: Research paper topic and outline Obedience to Authority Abbygale Javier [IT 150G, 14111; On-line; Elizabeth Rasnick; September 29, 2016] I. Introduction A. Motivation of this research There are little facts about the role of obedience up until now. Psychologists have been debating on factors that constitute obedience within an individual. For example, certain theories suggest that people do horrible actions only if they are ordered to do so. Research has shown that most people obey all orders given to them by the authority-figure. The idea of this topic came to me while flipping through channels. I came across a show called 20/20, on the investigative channel. The show goes through a series of crimes and murders and provides insight on how the crime came to be and why. On a particular episode, a successful businessman orders a new intern to â€Å"take care† of someone to gain favor from him. The intern is noted to be kind and helpful by his friends and family, so it had caused a shock to hear that he had murdered someone. Would he have committed this crime if he wasn’t told to? That is what I seek to know more about. B. Research question and objectives To what extent will people act based on an order they were given? My objective is to introduce the topic of obedience to authority and provide an awareness of the vulnerability that most people have in this area. Today, there are theories that focus primarily on characteristics that explain wrong-doing and howShow MoreRelatedAnnotated Bibliography On Obedience And Authority Essay1358 Words   |  6 Pagesof â€Å"Obedience to Authority,† Milgram aptly points out that â€Å"some system of authority is a requirement of all communal living†(Milgram 1). This is a universal human truth. Authority is something that humanity, from the beginning of time, has consistently relied upon. Milgram argues that â€Å"obedience is the psychological mechanism that links individual action to political purpose† and that it is the â€Å"dispositional cement that binds men to systems of authority† (Milgram 1). I argue that obedience is asRead MoreThe Characteristics And Psychological Processes Of Genocide And Its Perpetrators2214 Words   |   9 Pagespsychological perspective, this paper will focus on the Stanley Milgram experiment to determine the behavior of the perpetrators in the Cambodia and Rwanda Genocide using the following concepts of psychology: obedience and authority. Obedience is the act of listening to an authority, while authority is the act of exercising power over other people, who follow and listen. Commentary Thus far, my sources have been very useful to my paper, but I am still looking for more articles and journals thatRead MoreThe Soviet Union Responsible For The Consolidation Of Communism1776 Words   |  8 Pagesparties o Led by the Soviet Communist Party, it ensured that the Soviet Union had unprecedented power The rift with Yugoslavia †¢ In order to consolidate communism in many East European countries, Stalin requested the allegiance and unwavering obedience of its Communist rulers †¢ Yugoslavia was one of a the few countries that refused to adhere to Stalinist policies and publicly split from the Cominform †¢ The split was partly due to Tito’s efforts to assert greater control over the Albanian CommunistRead MoreEssay on The Role of Women in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight5387 Words   |  22 Pagesultimate destruction. I would suggest that the women in the story are the Gawain poets primary instruments in this critique and reinforcement of Feudalism. By positioning The Virgin Mary (as the singular female archetype representing spiritual love, obedience, chastity, and life) against Morgan and Bertilaks wife (who represent the traditional female archetypes of courtly love, disobedience, lust and death) the Gawain poet points out the conflict between courtly love and spiritual love which he, andRead MorePsy 302 Complete Course Psy302 Complete Course Essay2139 Words   |  9 Pages1 Assignment 2: Discussion Question Review Argosys IRB Checklist. Gather information on Stanley Milgrams study on obedience and authority. Using the IRB checklist as a guideline, what were some major concerns you had regarding the Milgram study? How would you redesign Milgrams study to have it pass IRB standards? PSY 302 Module 1 Assignment 3: Final Project Annotated Bibliography Craft a research question on the topic you selected in your first discussion question post. Then locate at least fiveRead More moral Essay3440 Words   |  14 Pagesor values. Piaget believed autonomous moral reasoning to occur between ages 10-12 whereas Kohlberg proposes adolescence or even adulthood. These values are punishment, property and law, roles and concerns of affection, roles and concerns of authority, life, liberty, justice, truth and sex. From its earliest transmission Kohlberg has not been without critics. Although his work is of unquestionable importance Peter’s (1971) warned: â€Å"There is a grave danger that they (Kohlberg’s findings)Read MoreThomas Hobbes: Nature and Origins of Human Thought, Emotion, and Society2678 Words   |  11 Pagesover that had been unaccounted for. This greed overrides the fact that humans should recognize relinquishing their power to a higher authority without question. Nevertheless, some governments have been partially successful in their methods. Countries such as China and Cuba have proven that the by imposing a strong central government, and enforcing civil obedience, certain qualities of the country can be improved (such as military force, and economic socialism/social services). The idea of a â€Å"sovereign†Read MoreThe Truth Behind the Knight: the Presence of Archetypes in Sir Gawain the Green Knight2908 Words   |  12 Pagescomfort zone into a rampant environment where judgment, discrimination, conflict, and violence are abundant (Pearson 73). According to Pearson, Sir Gawain begins at the 1st lev el of the Innocent Archetype, where he accepts the environment, the authorities, but believes that the world as it’s experienced is all there is, making him dependent (79). Although Gawain is debonair, valiant, and intelligent, he shows some personality traits that actually hinder him, making him a little unbecoming of a knightRead MoreThe Rock And Roll And Juvenile Delinquency3326 Words   |  14 PagesAmerica is just getting back on its feet? So in effort to calm this fear in juvenile delinquency from this menacing rock and roll of the 1950’s was to censor and ban it from the radio to make it less appealing to the youth. Morality, obedience to figures of authority, conservative values were at the mentalities that centered this attempt to censor rock and roll. Protection for the youth from issues such as drugs, sex, and violence were the goals of this strategic approach. But how was this possibleRead More The Origin of Gender Roles Essay4745 Words   |  19 Pages(G en. 3:2-3, NIV). The serpent recognizes Eve as the spokesperson for the human couple, which is hardly the pattern of patriarchy (Trible 14). Trible carefully analyzes Eve’s response to the serpent. She points out that Eve states the case for obedience even more strongly than God had stated it (Trible 14). Eve adds in her response that the tree cannot be â€Å"touched.† God does not say anything about touching the tree beforehand; when Eve adds this phrase, her interpretive skills begin to emerge Annotated Bibliography On Obedience And Authority Essay Summary (Milgram Study): In the intro of â€Å"Obedience to Authority,† Milgram aptly points out that â€Å"some system of authority is a requirement of all communal living†(Milgram 1). This is a universal human truth. Authority is something that humanity, from the beginning of time, has consistently relied upon. Milgram argues that â€Å"obedience is the psychological mechanism that links individual action to political purpose† and that it is the â€Å"dispositional cement that binds men to systems of authority† (Milgram 1). I argue that obedience is as instinctual as the flight or fight mechanism of the brain. There is an intrinsic desire to follow something, whether that be a religious icon, a political leader, or a social role model. Obedience, like the need for authority, is part of what gives man a specific identity. Obedience is a social and cultural necessity. While the importance and influence of obedience differs culture to culture, between all groups of people, in all types of countries, and under all forms of government, however menial, it is as ingrained as is smiling or frowning. People have long been uncomfortable when they feel lack of purpose or a meaning; it can be a hopeless life when one thinks they are a random, purposeless dot in a bunch of chaos. So, when people are united under an authority and they are given orders, no matter how bizarre or unethical, their authority has given them a purpose and a meaning. People need to obey. When the experiment was re-studied andShow MoreRelatedAnnotated Bibliography On Obedience And Authority Essay1149 Words   |  5 Pages Part I: Research paper topic and outline Obedience to Authority Abbygale Javier [IT 150G, 14111; On-line; Elizabeth Rasnick; September 29, 2016] I. Introduction A. Motivation of this research There are little facts about the role of obedience up until now. Psychologists have been debating on factors that constitute obedience within an individual. For example, certain theories suggest that people do horrible actions only if they are ordered to do so. Research has shown that most people obey allRead MoreThe Characteristics And Psychological Processes Of Genocide And Its Perpetrators2214 Words   |  9 Pagespsychological perspective, this paper will focus on the Stanley Milgram experiment to determine the behavior of the perpetrators in the Cambodia and Rwanda Genocide using the following concepts of psychology: obedience and authority. Obedience is the act of listening to an authority, while authority is the act of exercising power over other people, who follow and listen. Commentary Thus far, my sources have been very useful to my paper, but I am still looking for more articles and journals thatRead MoreThe Soviet Union Responsible For The Consolidation Of Communism1776 Words   |  8 Pagesparties o Led by the Soviet Communist Party, it ensured that the Soviet Union had unprecedented power The rift with Yugoslavia †¢ In order to consolidate communism in many East European countries, Stalin requested the allegiance and unwavering obedience of its Communist rulers †¢ Yugoslavia was one of a the few countries that refused to adhere to Stalinist policies and publicly split from the Cominform †¢ The split was partly due to Tito’s efforts to assert greater control over the Albanian CommunistRead MoreEssay on The Role of Women in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight5387 Words   |  22 Pagesultimate destruction. I would suggest that the women in the story are the Gawain poets primary instruments in this critique and reinforcement of Feudalism. By positioning The Virgin Mary (as the singular female archetype representing spiritual love, obedience, chastity, and life) against Morgan and Bertilaks wife (who represent the traditional female archetypes of courtly love, disobedience, lust and death) the Gawain poet points out the conflict between courtly love and spiritual love which he, andRead MorePsy 302 Complete Course Psy302 Complete Course Essay2139 Words   |  9 Pages1 Assignment 2: Discussion Question Review Argosys IRB Checklist. Gather information on Stanley Milgrams study on obedience and authority. Using the IRB checklist as a guideline, what were some major concerns you had regarding the Milgram study? How would you redesign Milgrams study to have it pass IRB standards? PSY 302 Module 1 Assignment 3: Final Project Annotated Bibliography Craft a research question on the topic you selected in your first discussion question post. Then locate at least fiveRead More moral Essay3440 Words   |  14 Pagesor values. Piaget believed autonomous moral reasoning to occur between ages 10-12 whereas Kohlberg proposes adolescence or even adulthood. These values are punishment, property and law, roles and concerns of affection, roles and concerns of authority, life, liberty, justice, truth and sex. From its earliest transmission Kohlberg has not been without critics. Although his work is of unquestionable importance Peter’s (1971) warned: â€Å"There is a grave danger that they (Kohlberg’s findings)Read MoreThomas Hobbes: Nature and Origins of Human Thought, Emotion, and Society2678 Words   |  11 Pagesover that had been unaccounted for. This greed overrides the fact that humans should recognize relinquishing their power to a higher authority without question. Nevertheless, some governments have been partially successful in their methods. Countries such as China and Cuba have proven that the by imposing a strong central government, and enforcing civil obedience, certain qualities of the country can be improved (such as military force, and economic socialism/social services). The idea of a â€Å"sovereign†Read MoreThe Truth Behind the Knight: the Presence of Archetypes in Sir Gawain the Green Knight2908 Words   |  12 Pagescomfort zone into a rampant environment where judgment, discrimination, conflict, and violence are abundant (Pearson 73). According to Pearson, Sir Gawain begins at the 1st lev el of the Innocent Archetype, where he accepts the environment, the authorities, but believes that the world as it’s experienced is all there is, making him dependent (79). Although Gawain is debonair, valiant, and intelligent, he shows some personality traits that actually hinder him, making him a little unbecoming of a knightRead MoreThe Rock And Roll And Juvenile Delinquency3326 Words   |  14 PagesAmerica is just getting back on its feet? So in effort to calm this fear in juvenile delinquency from this menacing rock and roll of the 1950’s was to censor and ban it from the radio to make it less appealing to the youth. Morality, obedience to figures of authority, conservative values were at the mentalities that centered this attempt to censor rock and roll. Protection for the youth from issues such as drugs, sex, and violence were the goals of this strategic approach. But how was this possibleRead More The Origin of Gender Roles Essay4745 Words   |  19 Pages(G en. 3:2-3, NIV). The serpent recognizes Eve as the spokesperson for the human couple, which is hardly the pattern of patriarchy (Trible 14). Trible carefully analyzes Eve’s response to the serpent. She points out that Eve states the case for obedience even more strongly than God had stated it (Trible 14). Eve adds in her response that the tree cannot be â€Å"touched.† God does not say anything about touching the tree beforehand; when Eve adds this phrase, her interpretive skills begin to emerge

Income Elasticity of Demand Free Essays

Income Elasticity of Demand is a measure of responsiveness of demand to the changes in income and it involves demand curve shifts. It provides information on the direction of change of demand, given a change in income and the size of the change. Formula for YED: Percentage change in quantity demanded = %?Q Percentage change in income %?Y Normal goods have a positive value of YED, while Inferior goods have a negative value of YED as shown in the graph below: Normal goods: when income increases, demand for normal goods increases as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Income Elasticity of Demand or any similar topic only for you Order Now An increase in income leads to an increase in consumption, demand shifts to the right Inferior goods: when income increases, demand for this good falls. The demand curve shifts left as income rises. As income rises, the proportion spent on food tends to fall while the proportion spent on services tends to rise. Necessity and Luxury goods Necessity YED 1 If a good has a YED that is greater than one, is has income elastic demand: a percentage increase in income produces a larger percentage increase in quantity demanded. Luxuries are income elastic goods. Like the I Phone or chewing gum. Applications of Income and elasticity of demand YED implication for producers and for the economy Overt time the economy grows and the society’s income increases. Increasing income means a rising demand for goods and services. If the average economic growth is 3% per year, goods and services have income elastic demand (YED 1) thus, the demand of these goods and services grows at a higher rate than 3%. Examples include Restaurants, Movies and Health care, (these goods and services are produced by industries that develop and expand more rapidly than the total income in the economy). Also the demands of other goods such as food, clothing and furniture which are inelastic have a rate of less than 3%, (these goods and services are produced by industries growing more slowly than total income). Higher YED greater future expansion Lower YED Smaller future expansion This means that before you may produce a good think about the YED. The three parts of an Economy Primary sector agriculture, forestry, fishing and extractive industries. Positive YED thus is income inelastic. * Manufacturing sector textile and appliances. Income elastic Negative YED. * Service sector entertainment, insurance and education. Higher YED, greater percentage increase in the demand. Hence as the total output of agricultural shares in the economy drops, the share manufactured output grows. Through continuous growth, t he service sector expands at the expense of both agriculture and manufacturing as shown in the diagram below: Less economically developed countries have a larger primary sector while developed countries are dominated by services. **Remember that if the total output increases over time, a falling share of a certain sector (like the primary sector) does not automatically mean that the output is reducing, probably the sectors output is growing but slower than the total output. An increasing share for a sector means that its output is growing more rapidly than the total output. How to cite Income Elasticity of Demand, Papers

Internal Control Weaknesses Of Motherboards and More Pty Ltd

Question: Discuss about the Internal Control Weaknesses Of Motherboards and More Pty Ltd. Answer: Introduction Motherboards and More Pty Ltd is a company that deals with manufacturing of computer parts such as motherboards, graphics card and microchips. When a client makes an order either over a phone call, email or on the companys website, the orders are received and forwarded to the store. The system is designed in such a way that it only bills items shipped and not including items on back order. The system then generates clients invoice and a copy of it is sent to the client. The client thus makes payment and is given a cash receipt upon payment and waits for his/her shipment to arrive. Terms of trade include payment of the items within 14 days and if a client pays within 3 days he/she is given a discount of 2%. Internal Control weaknesses Internal control insufficiency existing in small companies can lead to damage or loss of goods, decline in revenue and loss of resources. These deficiencies can easily be corrected by slightly modifying present processes or bringing in basic internal controls: Insufficient documentation- documentation offers evidence of the existing transactions. It is the input to build correct financial records. Financial files should be counted to make sure all transactions are documented and accounted for. This will assist to avoid recording similar transaction twice, since there should be no any redundant numbers in the system. With correct numbering of records, tracking files that relate to questions and claims from owners or clients prior transactions will be simple. Correct documentation would likely offer sufficient answers to most or all questions related to financial transactions. In addition, sufficient documentation will simplify the process of assembling financial files and completion of tax returns. (Granof, 2016) Wrongly defined major business cycles- some small organization processes appear easy. As such, administrators and owners finds it unnecessary to create written procedures and policies or primary flowcharts describing the main busin ess processes. This however is likely to be one of the most unutilized control techniques where the quality can be gained with little effort. An efficient procedure can straighten business goals and aid in establishing most excellent operating procedures. As businesses have varying focus sectors, distinct cycles will be essential to the business, although in several businesses the following processes will be crucial.Banking Procedures, Sales and Accounts Receivable, Accounts Payable, Cash Management, and Purchases. For a business purchasing assets, inventory controls will be an essential cycle. Filing key controls in every cycles will influence consistency, transparency, and particular duties and responsibilities in every cycles can easily be allocated to particular individuals. When improvements and adjustments are enhanced to the processes, workers can be informed quickly, trained, and updated. Inadequacy of control with authentication of transactions- authentication of purchases should happen prior to the engagement of resources. Depending on the capacity of the business, stages of authority can be brought in to eradicate the risk of improper spending. For instance, with orders high in some dollar value, like $1,000, several quotations should be received which could minimize the general expenditure. Authenticating transactions before allocating orders offers the owners the chance to analyze different purchasing alternatives, and ensuring services or items received will aid the business goals. (Dauber, Shim, Siegel Siegel, 2012) Lack of oversight and review- small business managers normally get so occupied in the daily operations of the business that they have a tendency of neglecting performing main review procedures. Business managers should spare little time and interest in the financial documentation. This is an essential aspect of deception prevention. Little time is needed to examine monthly revenues, actual amounts versus budget, and variance, expense, and inventory reports. prioritizing on approach will provide the owner with valueless report on how the business is functioning and where any possible problem or inefficiency areas may exist. Evaluation of the financial files is a crucial input and component for improved decision making. The regularity of the analysis of financial information relies on the quantity of transactions and the kind of business, however, the evaluation of financial information should be carried out on a monthly basis. Outdated information systems- generally small businesses perform on small resources and less timeis normally spent analyzing information systems. Sparing more time in this sector could improve efficiencies in the long run. Outline the systems in the business and the major performance measures required. Systematic operations will aid in competitiveness and efficiency. Various user-friendly software systems are available which could decrease operating and processing cycles and are cheap to operate. Lack of logical and physical safety- lack of physical safety of business goods and resources could lead to the damage or loss to goods and resources. Access to tools, check stock and petty cash should be confined to right individuals and stored in a proper safe location. Computer devices and networks should have password that is protected and these passwords should be frequently changed. Firewalls and safeguarded equipment or software is a vital component to aid in prevention of security breaches. safety of individual and banking information is becoming increasingly essential with the increase in threats of identity card theft. Individual and employee information should be encoded and kept in safe folders. Lack of formal ethical procedures and policies- this control may seem to be less important for the growth of a business, but lack of clear procedures on the usage of business resources and anticipations, based on ethics and integrity from working staffs, businesses can experience ineffectiveness and misappropriation of resources. A code of conduct is an open revelation of the way a company functions. A well-structured ethics policy can act as a communication channel that reflects essential values and objectives of the business. It can offer procedures of how workers should handle potential misconduct and/ or misappropriation of resources and can offer alignment regarding to organization commitments and values. (Studer, 2009) Lack of clearly defined job duties and responsibilities - the most essential assets are the employees and small business rely much on their workers. They are representatives with competitors, customers, and suppliers. For this important resource to be efficient in the business you will require to offer clear guidelines and describe appropriate duties and responsibilities for every employee. Job responsibilities and duties should be understandable and be written form. This will simplify the process of differentiating duties. Fresh applic ants will be capable to reference back faster to their roles and understand their responsibilities better. Multiple roles to an employee- small businesses are exposed to deception by their own working staffs since they may have a few staffs with multiple duties. Every employee should be assigned particular job roles, through writing to make sure confusion is avoided in allocated job duties and responsibilities. Generally, allocating different individuals the role of authenticating transactions, filing transactions, and managing custody of related resources like credit cards and cash offers more efficient internal control and less chances for misappropriation of resources.(Crain, 2015) Insufficient backups, disaster recovery, and business continuity plans- the essentiality of business continuity and backups are under-emphasized some times. Systems can be structured to automate back-ups performance and on a frequent basis. Backups should be created based on volume of transaction and kept off-site. To re-generate information can be time consuming and painful. Business Continuity plans list the process of recovery accomplishment in case of a danger. Long term power disruptions, unavailability of offices for long periods, and decrease of employees are common and can happen. Planning prior is vital to the success of the business. A threat recovery plan involves a continuity plan, an emergency plan, and disaster recovery plan. Internal control weaknesses Impact control Insufficient documentation Transaction redundancy correct numbering of records Wrongly defined major business cycles Inconsistency and lack of transparency Filing key controls in major business cycles inadequacy of control with authentication of transactions improper spending transaction authentication before allocating orders Lack of oversight and review fraud main review procedures like financial documentation should be performed outdated information systems inefficiencies Regular updates of information system Lack of logical and physical safety damage or loss to goods and resources, security breaches Use of passwords, firewalls and burglarproofing Lack of formal ethical procedures and policies ineffectiveness and misappropriation of resources well-structured ethics policy Lack of clearly defined job duties and responsibilities inefficiencies Clear job description Multiple roles to an employee fraud Clear job description Insufficient backups, disaster recovery, and business continuity plans Unavailability of resources Early planning and creation of backups Ransomware Ransomware is a subset of cyber-attacks in which the information on a victim's computer device is blocked, byencoding, and payment is needed before the ransomed information is decoded and access granted to the victim. The intentions for ransomware threats focuses on money, and unlike other kinds of threats, the victim is normally alerted that an abuse has happened and is given directions on how to recover from the threat. Payment is normally required in a virtual currency, likebitcoin, to hide the cybercriminal's identity. Examples of ransomware are Wannacry and CryptoLocker. Conclusion In conclusion, internal control weakness can be prevented by ensuring that all transactions are documented correctly, key controls are documented in major business cycles, transaction authentication is done before allocating orders, main review procedures like financial documentation are performed, and evaluation of information system is done among others. This will influence consistency, transparency and efficiency of the business. Recommendation The following are some of the recommendation for Motherboard; Analytical Procedures- the auditor must test the accounts receivable account to make sure it is not exceeding sales. If it is, this could show that the organization is a risk to credit and may lead to cash flow challenges in the future. Tests of Controls- controls test for the revenue cycle involves who receives and grant credit sales; the separation of role for documenting, recording, and shipping sales orders; correct documentation for collating and banking cash and filing the receipts; the right authority and records to permit discounts for cash or early payments and purchase returns; and administration authorization to identify that an account is uncollectable debt. Substantive Tests- These tests involve analyzing the trial balance generated by the accountant at the end of the cycle, approving receivable amounts with the organization or individuals with debts and assessing the correctness of the allowance for written-off accounts by inspecting the past entity. References Granof, M. H. (2016).Government and not-for-profit accounting, binder ready version: Concepts and practices. John Wiley Sons Inc. Dauber, N. A., Shim, J. K., Siegel, J. G., Siegel, J. G. (2012).The complete CPA reference. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley Sons. Studer, Q. (2009).Straight A leadership: Alignment, action, accountability. Gulf Breeze, FL: Fire Starter Publishing. Bragg, S. M. (2014).Bookkeeping guidebook: A practitioner's guide. Crain, M. A. (2015).Essentials of forensic accounting. Albrecht, W. S. (2012).Fraud examination. Mason, OH: South Western, Cengage Learning. CRUMBLEY, D. L. (2017).FORENSIC AND INVESTIGATIVE ACCOUNTING. S.l.: CCH INCORPORATED. Kim, W. 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